Efeito da intervenção educativa share na sobrecarga de cuidadores familiares de idosos após acidente vascular cerebral : ensaio clínico randomizado

Abstract

Introdução: Frente à dependência funcional de idosos após um acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), os cuidadores familiares enfrentam a falta de conhecimento e de habilidades para realizarem os cuidados necessários no domicílio, o que tende a influenciar sua sobrecarga. Objetivos: Comparar o efeito de intervenção educativa no domicílio na sobrecarga de cuidadores familiares de idosos após AVC, com orientações usuais de cuidado no período de um mês. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado (ECR), denominado Nursing Home Care Intervention Post Stroke (SHARE). O grupo intervenção (GI) recebeu o acompanhamento sistemático de enfermeiras por meio de três visitas domiciliares (VDs) no período de um mês, para preparo dos cuidadores na realização das atividades de vida diária (AVD) do idoso, suporte emocional e orientações para utilização dos serviços de saúde. O grupo controle (GC) contou com as orientações usuais de cuidado dos serviços de saúde. O desfecho primário foi a sobrecarga do cuidador, e os desfechos secundários foram a capacidade funcional e as reinternações hospitalares dos idosos, avaliados em sete dias e 60 dias após a alta. As análises foram realizadas por intenção de tratar e foi utilizado o programa SPSS 21.0. Para análise do efeito da intervenção nos desfechos foram utilizados os testes t-student pareado, com intervalo de confiança de 95% e t independente. Para verificação do efeito de interação foi realizada análise de variância (ANOVA) para medidas repetidas.

Introduction: Faced with the functional dependence of the elderly after a stroke, family caregivers face the lack of knowledge and skills to perform the necessary health care at home, which tends to negatively influence their overload. Objectives: Compare the effect of home educational intervention (SHARE), on the overload of family caregivers of the elderly with stroke when compared to usual care in one month. Methods: Randomized clinical trial denominated Nursing Home Care Intervention Post Stroke (SHARE). The intervention group (GI) receive a systematic follow-up of nurses through three home visits (VDs) during one month, to prepare the family caregivers in performing daily life activities of the elderly, emotional support and orientations for the use of health services. The control group (CG) did not receive the VDs and had the usual care of the health services. The primary outcome was a caregiver burden, and the secondary outcomes were functional capacity and hospital readmissions of the elderly, evaluete at 7 days and 60 days after discharge. The analyzes were performed by intention to treat and the SPSS 21.0 program was used. For the analysis of the effect of the intervention on the results we used the t-student paired tests, with 95% confidence interval and independent t. For analysis of the interaction effect, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for repeated measures. A significant value was considered p <0.05. For the control of confounding factors, multivariate analyzes were used. The study was approved by the Research Committee of the Hospital de Clínicas of Porto Alegre (nº 160181). Results: From May 2016 to September 2017, 48 elderly and their family caregivers were randomized, 24 for the intervention group (GI) and 24 for the CG. Among the elderly, 54.1% were female, and 95.8% had ischemic stroke. Of the caregivers, 87.5% were women, mean of 53.3 ± 12.9 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding burden (0.43 GI vs 0.78 GC, p = 0.717), functional capacity (16 GI vs 18.7 GC, p = 0.999) and hospital readmissions (17% GI vs. 8.3% GC, p = 0.854). Conclusion: The SHARE intervention seems to have not influenced in the outcomes. Other intervention compositions are suggested and evaluation of other outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02807012.