Predictors of better self-care in patients with heart failure after six months of follow-up home visits

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the predictors of better self-care behavior in patientswith heart failure (HF) in a homevisiting program. This is a longitudinal study nested in a randomized controlled trial (ISRCTN01213862) in which the home-based educational intervention consisted of a six-month followup that included four home visits by a nurse, interspersed with four telephone calls. The self-care score was measured at baseline and at six months using the Brazilian version of the European Heart Failure Self- Care Behaviour Scale. The associations included eight variables: age, sex, schooling, having received the intervention, social support, income, comorbidities, and symptom severity. A simple linear regression model was developed using significant variables (𝑃 ≤ 0.20), followed by a multivariate model to determine the predictors of better self-care. One hundred eighty-eight patients completed the study. A better self-care behavior was associated with patients who received intervention (𝑃 < 0.001), had more years of schooling (𝑃 = 0.016), and had more comorbidities (𝑃 = 0.008). Having received the intervention (𝑃 < 0.001) and having a greater number of comorbidities (𝑃 = 0.038) were predictors of better self-care. In the multivariate regression model, being in the intervention group and having more comorbidities were a predictor of better self-care.